Arrangement for the drainage of moors of great depth.



A. BUTZ.

ARRANGEMENT FOR THE DRAINAGE 0P MOORS OF GREAT DEPTH.

APPLIOATION FILED APR.17, 1011.

1,032,186. Patented July 9, 1912.

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A. BUTZ. ARRANGEMENT FOR THE DRAINAGE 0F MOORS OF GREAT DEPTH.

APPLIOATION FILED APB..17, 1911.

Patented July 9, 1912.

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ANDREAS BUTZ, OF KLAGENFURT, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

I ARRANGEMENT FOR THE WclficationbfittersPatent.

DRAINAGE or MOORS or GBEA'J; DEPTH.

Patented. J ulvflgloi I Application filed April 17, 1911. Serial No.621,592.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that L, ANDREAS Bn'rz, chiefengineer, of Klagenfurt 5, Museumstrasse, Province of 'Carmthia, in theEmpire of 'Austria-Hungary, have invented an Arrangementfor the Drainageof Moors of Great Depth; and I following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription ofthe .invention, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same.

The present invention has for its main object to facilitate the drainageof deep bogs in such manner that large unbroken tracts may be obtained.In doing this, economy of ground is efiected by the use of open cuttingsto the smallest possible extent, and also by the absence of many bridgesor sluices. These again facilitate the husbandry of they ground byallowing of the laying down of pasture upon the bog land without itsbeing necessary to maintain too large a number of open ditches, andlessens the costfor laying down and maintaining'the drainage of deepbogs.

The drainage of deep bogs is eii'ected by known methods, partly by openditches, partly by a combination of. such ditches with drains. Thesystems of drainage hitherto employed for deep bogs are either (1)systems of clay drain pipes bedded with laths, rods, planks, or fagots;(2) wood drainage, with roots, fagots, rods or laths; (3) turf drains.

The employment of clay pipe drains on the bed which is indispensable inbog land,

. if the drainage is to be carried out carefully,

is, on account of this bedding, very exensive in places where wages arehigh, if the work be not conscientiously and carefully carried out, thenperfect action becomes very doubtful, since the pipes change theirpositions and the ground water is not continuously carried off. Rod andlath drains when carefully carried out are similarly costly, andmoreover, when drains of these or of fago ts or roots are used, theconstruction of drainage, systems of great extent is set aside in favorof the greater certainty of securing effective drainage,

' and the formation of considerable estates uninterrupted by ditches ismade impossible. Moreover, the storage of theground water, which isoften necessary during drought in regions with low. rainfall, or indistricts do hereby declare the and i Fig. l.

with long spells of dry weather, is unavailable by all these methods ofdrainage.

The present invention is intended to compipe dra i nbine the advantagesof the clay age in firm mineral soils viz., their regular,

form and'smooth profile with those ot the wood drains, viz., theirpliability. It offers, that is to say, a regular, fixed, and smoothcross-section for carrying off the ground, water taken up, so that evenwhen little fall is available,'a large-quantity of water may flow offrapidly,

tional resistance, and also, for the sake of without great friceasyconnection with the main drain, large 4 systems of drainage may be set.up, and therewith large surfaces of agricultural land, not interruptedby ditches, may be drained on bog land.

A further objectis, that the sinkage of the drain-line which'alwaysoccurs in bog land after drainage may not imperil the successfuldrainage of the bog, but that up to a certain point the outflow of theground water shall be assured,

In combination with a schcnie of'storagc, the greatest possible part. ofthe ground water is to be quickly and 'ciiectually rctained in case ofneed, and the height of the accumulated ground water 'is to be capableof observation through 'tube shafts at any time. liloreorer, thecoi-isti'uction of the drain-line as a whole isto beetl'ected outsidethe ditch, and thus the line is to be laid at one time in its wholelength...

In the drawings wherein Ithave shown one construction'of theinvention,-Figure l is a longitudinal vertical section illustrating onepart of the system. Fig. 2 ,is a plan of Fig. 3 is a. perspective viewof a construction of drain. Fig. l a vertical section of a storagereservoir constructed in accordance with theinvention. Fig. 5 is a crosssection of Fig. .l. F-ig. t) is a vertical section of an observationtube. F ig. 7 is a cross section of Fig. (3. Fig, 8 is a cross sectionalview illustrating the various sizes of pipe, and Fig; 9 is a view of anapparatus used in constructing the pi 788. Y

To obtain the advantages hercinlwforc enumerated, it is proposcd'to usewooden drains. To construct these woodcn'draius, boards, varying in,dimensions. according as side drains or main drains are to be laid. from0.05 to 0.2 meters wide, 1, 1.2, 1.5, or,

2 cm. thick, and usually 1 meters long, are.

so connected to form pipes closed all around, with a square orrectangular crosssection, in such a way that the two side walls of thepipes lie upon the board which forms the floor, or are secured to it.The boardwhich closes the pipe above is secured to those which form thesides ofthe groove, Fig. 1. The cross-section may be of other form thanthat described.

The ground water enters, not as in clay pipe drainage through the seamsof the joints, but through slots, sawed or cut at regular intervals, 0.5to 1 cm. deep, and 5 to 10 cm. long, on the upper edges of the twosidewalls of the groove, or through other inlets d, Fig. 1, into the woodpipe a, then flows through the latter into the main channel 6, thefunction of which is to carry ofl' the water which it receives from theseparate side drains. \Vhen little Water enters, the openings for itsentrance may be dispensed with, since in this case the butt joints ofthe boa'rds will allow sutiicient entrance for the water into the pipes.The junction of the side drains with the main drains is effected byconnecting the two drains at the points of crossingbynotching out, andotherwise securing them together.

After laying the wood pipes in the'ditehes dug for them, they have to bepacked. If separate spots in the base of the ditch are very soft, thebottom of the pipe system is widened by underlaid sections 0 (Fig. 1)

of board, at regular intervals, to distribute the pressure moresuitably. To obtain an uninterrupted system of' pipes, to renderpossible the, construction of the whole system outside the ditches, andto avoid the meeting of all the four butt joints at the same point inthe pipe from the equal length of the boards, the connection of theboards is so effected that the construction of a line i is begun withfour boards of unequal length,

and thereafter carried on with boards of equal length (Fig. 3). In thisway there is obtained an interrupted elastic line of wood pipes, such asinsures the continuous carrying off of the ground Water, in spite evenof considerable and unequal sinkage of the ditch at separate points. Thecross-sectional area of the pipes may vary as required. In order,however, that it may not be necessary to have the Width of the boardsdifferent for every difference of sectional area, the boards which formthe floor or cover of the troughs are to be used as side walls for thenext greater sectional area so that for example in using four differentCalibers, only five different widths of boards need be usedpipe isassured. To the end in question, the best mcns is the appliance shown inFig. 9, which is designed to keep the sides of the trough at equal.distanees while the top board is being nailed on. The apparatusconsists of atrestle or frame a, on which are secured a number of logsof wood, and the.width of which corresponds to several, 6. 9., fourdifferent widths of pipe. The wood blocks are so arranged in series thata space p remains between them, which is somewhat larger thancorresponds to the thickness of the boards used. After setting upseveral such blocks one behind the other,

the boards which form the side walls of thepipe line are placed in twoof the adjacent slits p, the distance apart of which corresponds to thedesired cross-sectional area of the pipe line, after which the floorboards a are nailed on. lVhen a length of pipe has been formed as anopen trough, it is laid reversed on the trestles, and the roofboardthereafter nailed upon it. This completed section of the pipe isnowturned into its original position, and allowed to hang down forward fromthe trestles. The formation of the three side walls is then continued asdescribed until the whole pipe is completed as an open trough. Thereuponthe pipe is laid upside down upon the ground, and the roof boards arenailed down after the inlet openings have been made.

At suitable points in the main drain storage apparatus (water tightreservoirs) Figs. 4 and 5, may be arranged, to enable the ground waterto be rapidly stored for watering the soil. The pipe line interrupted bythe reservoir may if required be actually cutoff by the wooden wedge 2'(Figs. 4 and 5). In order to prevent the reservoir from being surroundedby water, the pipe line is not furnished with water inlets for about 10m. above and below the storage arrange-. ment, and is moreovercalked'with oakum, or the like. may, when it has reached a certainheight,

fall through an opening left by shortening The ground water held back-Since all experience up to the present shows that water in bog land ispreserved for a remarkably long time (observations of over 40 years oflath drainage are available) this new process is in any case capable offacilitating the culture ofbogs to an enormous xtent, and to assist-it,and this the more because the wood'pipe system is available when theproportion of fall is very slight, and the excavation of drains islimited to whatis access 1 v. nmll variations in the level of the f l ofth dit h I end to end, each composed are without special unfavorableaction, since the wood pipe line consists of an uninterrupted whole.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A drainage pipe line for deep bogs or the like, comprising a seriesof elements laid of thin boards fastened together with an end ofone-board projecting beyond the end of another and forming a tubularbody, whereby the buttjoints of said boards of adjacent elementsalternate with each other and whereby the elements may be united bylaying them end to end, the series constituting. a pliant conduitcapable of being extended to any desired length.

2. A drainage pipe line for deep bogs or th like, comprising a series ofelements laid end to end, each composed of thin boards fastened togetherwith an end of one board projecting beyond the end of another andforming a tubular body, whereby the buttjoints of said boards ofadjacent elements alternate with each other and whereby the elements maybe united by laying them end to end, the series constituting a pliantconduit capable of being extended to any desired length, the boardsconstituting the sides of said elements being provided with aperturesfor the entry of water.

3. A drainage pipe line for deep bogs or the like, comprising a seriesof elements laid end to end, each composed of thin boards fastenedtogether with an end of one board projecting beyond the end. of anotherand forming a tubular body, whereby the buttjoints of said boards ofadjacent elements alternate with each other and whereby the 1 Copies ofthis'patent may be obtained for sides of said elements being providedopenings on their upper five cents each,

elements may be united by laying them end to end, the

series constitutmga piiant conduit capable of being extended to anyde,-- sired length, the boards constituting the at their upper sideswith apertures for the entry of water. 1 i

4. A drainage pi e line for deep bogs or the like, comprising a seriesof elements laid end to end, each composed of four thin boards fastenedtogether with an end of one board projecting beyond the end of anotherand forming a square tubular body, Whereby the butt-joints of saidboards of adjacent elements alternate with each other and whereby theelements may be united by laying them end to end, the seriesconstituting apliant conduit capable of being extended to any desiredlength, the two boards constituting the sides of said element beingprovided at their upper sides with apertures for the entry of water. i

5. A system of draining deep bogs or the like comprising a series offlexible pipe lines made of wooden boards, said pipe lines having anangular cross section in combination with a main pipe or pipes extendingangularly to said first'named pipes and beneath the same, and said namedpipes having sides, and said firstnamed pipes having coinciding openingson their lower sides.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

ANDREAS BUTZ.

\Nitnesses KARL REHAK, AUGUST Fooonn.

by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. G.

